Rhynchophylline rewires DLAT lipoylation via conformational control to reverse mitochondrial bioenergetic collapse against dopaminergic neuronal injury.

Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common malignancies of the genitourinary system in older men and has become a major public health concern affecting men’s health worldwide. Projections suggest that by 2040, the annual number of new prostate cancer cases globally will rise from approximately 1.4 million in 2020 to about 2.9 million (). As public health awareness has increased and diagnostic techniques have advanced, more patients with prostate cancer are being identified at an earlier stage and are therefore more likely to receive surgical treatment. Radical prostatectomy (RP) is a guideline recommended standard treatment for localized prostate cancer and selected cases of locally advanced prostate cancer. In addition to achieving tumor control, it can preserve organ function to some extent and reduce the risks of local recurrence and distant metastasis, thereby improving overall patient prognosis (, ). Although radical prostatectomy is effective for tumor control, patients often experience a wide range of symptoms during the perioperative period and postoperative recovery because of surgical trauma, damage to muscular tissue or neural structures, and the effects of adjuvant therapies such as radiotherapy and endocrine therapy after surgery. These symptoms include both general cancer related symptoms and prostate cancer specific symptoms (–). During the preoperative waiting period, patients may experience psychological symptoms such as tension, anxiety, and sadness because of concerns about the disease, limited understanding of treatment, and uncertainty about the future (, ). The period from surgery to hospital discharge is typically the time of greatest symptom burden. Having just undergone surgery, patients are often in a state of metabolic and physiological imbalance (, ), which makes them more susceptible to discomforts such as pain, abdominal distention, sleep disturbance, nausea and vomiting, and dizziness (, ). As patients move into the transitional phase after discharge and before functional recovery is fully established, acute postoperative reactions gradually subside, but recovery remains incomplete and unstable. At this stage, prostate cancer specific problems such as urinary incontinence, irritative urinary symptoms, and sexual dysfunction often remain prominent. Among these, urinary incontinence and sexual dysfunction are among the most common functional outcomes after radical prostatectomy and are especially pronounced during the first 3 months after surgery (–). At the same time, some patients may still require adjuvant treatments such as radiotherapy () or endocrine therapy (), and treatment related adverse effects may further compound fatigue, urinary irritation, and hormone related discomfort, thereby increasing the overall symptom burden and negatively affecting recovery and quality of life.These symptoms do not occur in isolation. Rather, they may coexist within the same period and interact with one another, jointly influencing patients’ self management, social functioning, and recovery trajectory. Previous research has shown that symptoms such as emotional distress and fatigue are complexly interrelated with symptoms including urinary incontinence and pain (). Overall, the symptom experience of radical prostatectomy patients is not characterized by isolated complaints, but more often by the coexistence and interaction of multiple symptoms. The cumulative impact of these symptoms not only impedes postoperative recovery, but also undermines quality of life, psychosocial functioning, and self management capacity, thereby increasing the complexity of clinical symptom management.