Differential Pulse Voltammetric Analysis of Cannabidiol on Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide (FTO) Electrode Interface: Quantification in Pharmaceutical Oil with Assessment of Electrode Surface Stability.

The current global burden of drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) remains uncertain, as most data rely on self‐reported allergy labels rather than confirmed diagnoses [, ]. Approximately 10% of the general population interacting with healthcare systems report a drug allergy record in their medical history, with penicillin being the most frequently documented []. DHR accounts for an estimated 1%–2% of hospital admissions, up to 14% of emergency department visits, and 15%–20% of hospitalisations []. Both underdiagnosis and overdiagnosis are common in DHRs, primarily due to the lack of standardized definitions, validated biomarkers, and harmonized diagnostic strategies [, , ]. Inaccurate drug allergy labels frequently deprive patients of first‐line therapies, compromise treatment efficacy, and negatively affect quality of life and survival, particularly in populations requiring repeated or prolonged drug exposure, such as in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases, cancer, or inflammatory conditions. The impact on the healthcare system is considerable, as DHR labels are most commonly concerning antibiotics and associated with increased use of alternative, broader‐spectrum, increasingly toxic, and expensive antibiotics, contributing to antimicrobial resistance, higher rates of healthcare‐associated infections, prolonged hospital stays, and increased healthcare costs [, , , , , ]. These data highlight DHRs as a major clinical and public health challenge, underscoring the need for improved documentation, accurate diagnosis, and appropriate delabelling strategies to optimize patient care and healthcare resource utilization [, , , , ]. The identification and classification of distinct endotypes of DHRs are essential for a greater understanding of the specific mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of these complex reactions. It is essential for accurate diagnosis, risk stratification, and rational intervention. In 1963, Gell and Coombs proposed a classification of allergic reactions [], that although somewhat simplistic, useful in clinical practice. This classification categorized allergic reactions into four types, based primarily on the pathophysiology of the reaction: