AI applications in veterinary digital health: a systematic survey.

EONS is a significant clinical condition predominantly affecting premature infants and represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality. It typically develops within 72 hours after birth due to infections acquired before or during delivery (). The incidence of EONS varies across regions, influenced by healthcare systems and population characteristics, with studies reporting 31.3 cases per 1,000 live births (, ). The most common causative pathogenic organisms include Group B. Streptococcus and E. coli (). is a rare cause of neonatal sepsis (). Its clinical significance lies in its intrinsic resistance to multiple antibiotics, including certain beta-lactams, which may complicate treatment and delay effective therapy (). Here, we present a case of EONS in an extremely preterm infant caused by , highlighting a rare pathogen of EONS and key challenges in diagnosis and selecting the appropriate antibiotics. A male neonate was delivered via normal vaginal delivery at 27 + 4 weeks of gestation to a 23-year-old primigravida who presented in spontaneous preterm labor. The antenatal course was notable for a treated urinary tract infection in the second trimester. The mother received treatment at another healthcare facility; however, detailed microbiological records, including urine culture results, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and antibiotic therapy, were unavailable despite attempts to retrieve them. With otherwise normal ultrasounds. Birth weight was 1400 g. Apgar scores were 7 and 8 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. Due to prematurity and respiratory distress, the infant was admitted immediately to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). On admission (day 0 of life), the neonate exhibited signs of respiratory distress, including tachypnea, nasal flaring, grunting, and intercostal retractions. Chest radiography demonstrated findings consistent with respiratory distress syndrome (). An umbilical venous catheter was inserted for vascular access. A lumbar puncture was attempted but was technically limited, resulting in an insufficient amount of cerebrospinal fluid for full analysis. Only a Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture was performed, and it was negative.