Astragaloside IV suppresses triple-negative breast cancer cell migration and invasion by targeting BCAT1-mediated branched-chain amino acid metabolism.

For decades, psoriasis has been recognized as a disease associated with systemic manifestations beyond the skin, including in the cardiovascular system. Until now it has been proven in clinical studies and meta-analyses that psoriatic patients, especially those with severe disease, frequently exhibit diastolic dysfunction, hypertrophy of the left ventricle, increased myocardial stiffness, and ECG changes such as prolonged QT interval, echocardiographic abnormalities, and atrial fibrillation even in the absence of proven overt cardiovascular disease [,]. Additionally, metabolic comorbidities associated with psoriasis, such as dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, and insulin resistance, also contribute to the development of cardiovascular complications in these patients []. Several mechanisms have been proposed to describe how this cardiovascular damage in psoriasis actually happens. The central connection between psoriasis and psoriasis-associated cardiometabolic dysfunction is suggested to be systemic inflammation including the release of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-17 and IL-23, and Th1/Th17 immune responses. This kind of inflammatory milieu contributes not solely to the skin, but also directly affects vascular inflammation, atherosclerotic plaque formation and instability, myocardial fibrosis, cardiomyocytes apoptosis and eventually cardiac dysfunction [,]. Besides chronic inflammation, another important mechanism connected with cardiovascular changes in psoriatic patients is oxidative stress. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to several consequences. It can damage the structure of biomolecules, including proteins, lipids, and DNA, induce damage and dysfunction of the mitochondria, and even amplify fibrotic changes leading to myocardial remodeling in psoriasis [,]. The interplay between systemic inflammation and oxidative stress has been singled out as the crucial pathogenetic mechanism of cardiovascular damage []. Thus, the role of natural products, especially plant extracts or isolated phytocomponents with strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential, are increasingly being recognized in the search for novel therapeutic and preventive strategies in psoriatic patients [].