Mechanistic insights into the intrinsic drought resilience of Coffea spp. and its reinforcement by elevated air CO(2): from water relations to photoprotection and lipid-sugar dynamics.
Authors: Semedo JN, Pais IP, Leitão AE, Rodrigues AP, Marques I, Silva MJ, Partelli FL, Lidon FC, DaMatta FM, Ribeiro-Barros AI, Ramalho JC
Journal: Frontiers in plant science
depression treatment
mental health
open access
Abstract
Over the past decades,
petroleum exploration has predominantly
focused on conventional hydrocarbon systems, with research encompassing
geochemical characteristics and hydrocarbon generation potential of
source rocks, porosity–permeability properties, and prediction
of reservoirs, trap effectiveness, and hydrocarbon migration. However,
advancements in horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing technologies
have redefined shales, once considered solely as source rocks, into
potential unconventional reservoirs. In southern China, the Upper Yangtze Basin hosts multiple
sets
of organic-rich shales. Among these, the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation shales have been
extensively studied and explored, forming a national shale gas demonstration
zone in the southeastern Sichuan Basin. The Upper Permian Wujiaping Formation
shales represent another prospective exploration target in the Sichuan
Basin. Widely distributed across the Yangtze Craton, the Wujiaping
Formation shales are characterized by extensive lateral continuity
(>100 m thickness), high total organic carbon content (>5 wt
% TOC),
and elevated thermal maturity (>2.0% VRr) and are qualified as
premium
source rocks. Nevertheless, research on the Wujiaping shales remains
limited compared to that on the Longmaxi Formation. A milestone was achieved
in 2022 when PetroChina reported a significant
breakthrough in shallow-marine shelf facies shales of the Wujiaping
Formation (well Daye 1H) in the eastern Sichuan Basin, yielding a
daily gas production of 320,600 m with estimated resources
exceeding one trillion cubic meters (Tcm). This marks China’s
first major success in Permian Wujiaping (Longtan) Formation shale
gas exploration, positioning it as a strategic target in the Lower
Yangtze region.
petroleum exploration has predominantly
focused on conventional hydrocarbon systems, with research encompassing
geochemical characteristics and hydrocarbon generation potential of
source rocks, porosity–permeability properties, and prediction
of reservoirs, trap effectiveness, and hydrocarbon migration. However,
advancements in horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing technologies
have redefined shales, once considered solely as source rocks, into
potential unconventional reservoirs. In southern China, the Upper Yangtze Basin hosts multiple
sets
of organic-rich shales. Among these, the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation shales have been
extensively studied and explored, forming a national shale gas demonstration
zone in the southeastern Sichuan Basin. The Upper Permian Wujiaping Formation
shales represent another prospective exploration target in the Sichuan
Basin. Widely distributed across the Yangtze Craton, the Wujiaping
Formation shales are characterized by extensive lateral continuity
(>100 m thickness), high total organic carbon content (>5 wt
% TOC),
and elevated thermal maturity (>2.0% VRr) and are qualified as
premium
source rocks. Nevertheless, research on the Wujiaping shales remains
limited compared to that on the Longmaxi Formation. A milestone was achieved
in 2022 when PetroChina reported a significant
breakthrough in shallow-marine shelf facies shales of the Wujiaping
Formation (well Daye 1H) in the eastern Sichuan Basin, yielding a
daily gas production of 320,600 m with estimated resources
exceeding one trillion cubic meters (Tcm). This marks China’s
first major success in Permian Wujiaping (Longtan) Formation shale
gas exploration, positioning it as a strategic target in the Lower
Yangtze region.