Cathetus yuanjiangensis (Phyllanthaceae, Phyllantheae), a New Species from Southwest China, with a New Combination and an Updated Key to C. Subgen. Cathetus.

As the first quarter of the 21st century concludes, an artificial intelligence (AI) revolution has significantly impacted various sectors, including healthcare. The main applications of AI software in healthcare include tumor detection in imaging systems, clinical decision-making support systems, and the patient information-consent process supported by chatbots. Anxiety is one of the most prominent concerns among patients scheduled for surgery. Insufficient preoperative information regarding the upcoming medical procedure and anesthesia has been shown to contribute to elevated levels of preoperative anxiety. Increased preoperative anxiety is associated with adverse outcomes, including heightened postoperative analgesic requirements, an elevated risk of delirium, and prolonged recovery periods. Accordingly, the management of preoperative anxiety in surgical patients is essential, with adequate patient education representing a key component of this process. Previous studies have indicated that patients scheduled for medical procedures increasingly turn to online resources, alongside conventional physician consultations, to understand their health status and the planned interventions. However, the prevalence of misinformation online can hinder access to accurate knowledge and may even lead to patient confusion. This constitutes a contributing factor to heightened preoperative anxiety among patients. In this context, the large language model (LLM) developed by OpenAI can comprehend everyday questions, extract information from extensive databases, and convey it in reassuring human-like language. This capability may contribute to a growing tendency among patients to rely on AI-driven conversational agents for pre-procedural medical information. However, based on the available literature, there are limited data to date that have examined the association between AI-based chatbots and patients’ preoperative anxiety.