Obesity-driven low-grade chronic inflammation as a mechanistic bridge to chronic pain: from adipose tissue remodeling to central sensitization.

Indoor mobility is a fundamental indicator of functional status, health, and well-being in older adults. Community-dwelling seniors spend approximately 83% of their time at home [], significantly more than middle-aged adults, who spend between 61% and 77% of their time indoors []. Given that such a large proportion of daily life occurs within the home environment, changes in indoor mobility patterns can provide early signals of emerging physical, cognitive, or emotional difficulties. Prior research has shown that indoor activity differs significantly between cognitively healthy older adults and those with cognitive impairment [], and that disruptions in daily routines often constitute early manifestations of functional or cognitive decline []. These findings underscore the need for continuous and unobtrusive monitoring systems capable of capturing real-world patterns of daily functioning. Building on this perspective, a growing body of evidence has strengthened the link between indoor mobility and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Higher levels of in-home movement, reflected in metrics such as step counts, room transitions, or overall activity, are consistently associated with better self-perceived health, lower disability, and greater autonomy [,,]. Conversely, reduced mobility has been linked to frailty, functional decline, and poorer quality of life, particularly among individuals living with chronic conditions [,]. Frailty has emerged as a key mediating factor in this relationship, whereby reduced daily mobility increases vulnerability to disability and diminished well-being. Importantly, intervention studies have demonstrated that enhancing mobility through exercise, movement stimulation, or environmental adaptations can lead to measurable improvements in quality of life and independence among older adults [,,,,]. Collectively, these findings suggest that indoor mobility patterns constitute meaningful behavioral markers of functional health and subjective well-being. In this context, understanding whether passively measured indoor mobility metrics are associated with HRQoL is particularly relevant for older adults living alone, who may be at increased risk of unnoticed functional decline. While movement within the home can be monitored using a variety of technologies, unobtrusive sensor-based approaches are uniquely suited for long-term deployment, as they minimize burden, preserve privacy, and enable continuous observation. Despite these advantages, relatively limited work has examined whether indoor mobility metrics can effectively discriminate levels of HRQoL, particularly when combined with supervised machine learning approaches.