Enhanced Bioavailability of Nadolol via Cinnamon Oil-Based Microemulsions: Formulation, Characterization, Cell Culture, and In Situ Intestinal Perfusion Studies.

Combination of bicruciate and meniscus osseous root avulsions extremely rare. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) midsubstance tear are commonly torn ligaments seen in orthopedic practice though ACL injuries are more common than PCL. Combined injuries of ACL and PCL are rare again which are ideally seen high energy trauma like knee dislocations. Avulsion fractures of cruciate ligaments are relatively uncommon category compared to mid-substance injuries. ACL avulsion fractures are seen around 2 % of ACL injuries whereas PCL avulsion injuries are seen in 4 % of PCL injuries . Similar injury pattern applies for meniscal injuries as well. Root avulsion of medial meniscus (MM) are generally seen in elderly patient as degenerative tears accompanied by trivial trauma whereas avulsions of lateral meniscus (LM) are generally associated with traumatic ACL tears . On the other hand bony avulsions of meniscus are extremely rare. They are generally seen in high velocity trauma and more seen in posterior horn than anterior horn of both menisci.