Effects of fire dragon cupping therapy for patients with post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Weakness (ICU-AW) is defined as a secondary neuromuscular disorder developing during ICU stay, with no etiological explanation other than critical illness itself and its treatments [,]. It is estimated that around 25% of patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation may develop global and persistent weakness, meaning that up to 1 million patients worldwide are at risk of developing ICU-AW annually []. Micronutrients are essential components of human nutrition, needed in small daily or monthly amounts yet with a critical impact on health [] through many physiological processes []. Vitamin deficiencies at the time of admission are common in ICU patients [], highlighting a relationship between degree of inflammation and out-of-range vitamin levels. These findings may reflect increased consumption, as well as losses occurring during hospitalization [,,]. Moreover, patients with multiple vitamin deficiencies seem to be at higher risk of longer hospitalization []. Inadequate provision of micronutrients during ICU stay, especially during the acute phase of critical illness, may further contribute to micronutrient deficiency []. As the micronutrient content of commercially available formulas depends on the volume administered, patients receiving less than the target volume may not achieve recommended micronutrient provision, and additional enteral or parenteral administration may be considered [,].