The Genus Specklinia Lindl. (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) in Mexico, a Taxonomic Review.
Authors: Licona E, Solano R, Soto-Trejo F
Journal: Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
depression treatment
mental health
open access
Abstract
In addition to undertreatment and inappropriate care, medical overuse imposes a significant burden on both the German and international healthcare systems. Most definitions agree that medical overuse, which includes overdiagnostics and overtreatment, refers to the delivery of care that is not medically indicated, has no sufficiently proven benefit, causes more harm than good, or would not be chosen by patients once fully informed about its risk–benefit profile. Such harm can manifest as avoidable side effects, follow-up treatments, complications, and psychological distress. In consequence, overtreatment may also result in a loss of trust in the healthcare system, longer waiting times, and increased costs. Overdiagnostics and overtreatment divert staff resources, causes ethical or moral dilemmas among healthcare professionals, and can adversely affect motivation and job satisfaction
. Furthermore, overuse is linked to notable environmental impacts, including energy use from diagnostic imaging and inpatient treatments, as well as the use of medications and consumables during operations
,
. Several studies
suggest that up to 30% of all treatments, diagnostic tests, and medications provided represent overtreatment in countries in both the Global North and Global South. The inefficiency and high costs of the German healthcare system have been the subject of health policy discussions for many years
. Doctors experience the consequences of this inefficiency in their everyday clinical practice; however, as a result of their diagnostic and therapeutic decisions, they are also part of the systems where overtreatment can occur. In several countries, including the USA, Canada and Australia, committees have been established as part of the “Choosing Wisely” initiative to address overdiagnostics and overtreatment in healthcare
. They review the statements and recommendations of national guidelines and compile proposals for needs-based care including rational indications, which are then regularly updated
,
. In Germany, the German Society of General Practice and Family Medicine has been campaigning against inappropriate care since 2019 through its guideline “Protection against the overuse and underuse of health care – deciding together”
. Via its “Klug Entscheiden” (German: Choosing Wisely) initiative, the German Society of Internal Medicine is also addressing the issue of overtreatment by developing relevant recommendations and providing information materials to increase awareness and prevent overtreatment
. However, to date, there are still no structured initiatives within the field of gynaecology and obstetrics in Germany aimed at preventing overdiagnostics and overtreatment. This article reviews thirteen recommendations from the Canadian “Choosing Wisely” initiative within the field of gynaecology and adapts them to the German healthcare system based on German guidelines (
). Overview of the 13 recommendations from the Canadian “Choosing Wisely” initiative on avoiding over-treatment in gynaecology and obstetrics, adapted for the German healthcare system.
. Furthermore, overuse is linked to notable environmental impacts, including energy use from diagnostic imaging and inpatient treatments, as well as the use of medications and consumables during operations
,
. Several studies
suggest that up to 30% of all treatments, diagnostic tests, and medications provided represent overtreatment in countries in both the Global North and Global South. The inefficiency and high costs of the German healthcare system have been the subject of health policy discussions for many years
. Doctors experience the consequences of this inefficiency in their everyday clinical practice; however, as a result of their diagnostic and therapeutic decisions, they are also part of the systems where overtreatment can occur. In several countries, including the USA, Canada and Australia, committees have been established as part of the “Choosing Wisely” initiative to address overdiagnostics and overtreatment in healthcare
. They review the statements and recommendations of national guidelines and compile proposals for needs-based care including rational indications, which are then regularly updated
,
. In Germany, the German Society of General Practice and Family Medicine has been campaigning against inappropriate care since 2019 through its guideline “Protection against the overuse and underuse of health care – deciding together”
. Via its “Klug Entscheiden” (German: Choosing Wisely) initiative, the German Society of Internal Medicine is also addressing the issue of overtreatment by developing relevant recommendations and providing information materials to increase awareness and prevent overtreatment
. However, to date, there are still no structured initiatives within the field of gynaecology and obstetrics in Germany aimed at preventing overdiagnostics and overtreatment. This article reviews thirteen recommendations from the Canadian “Choosing Wisely” initiative within the field of gynaecology and adapts them to the German healthcare system based on German guidelines (
). Overview of the 13 recommendations from the Canadian “Choosing Wisely” initiative on avoiding over-treatment in gynaecology and obstetrics, adapted for the German healthcare system.