Association of red blood cell distribution width to albumin ratio with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among adults with MASLD.

For decades, propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol, ) has been the cornerstone intravenous anesthetic for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia as well as procedural sedation. It has been on the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines since 2007. Its popularity stems from its rapid onset of action, predictable recovery profile, and favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics. Nevertheless, propofol is associated with several clinically significant limitations, including pain during injection, respiratory depression, and dose-dependent cardiovascular instability. On May 29, 2026, US FDA approved cipepofol (Cypsedo, , formerly known as ciprofol or HSK3486) for the induction of general anesthesia in adults undergoing surgery. As a close structural analog of propofol, cipepofol has emerged as a potent and potentially safer alternative with improved tolerability. The compound was first patented in 2014 and subsequently described in 2017 by scientists at Haisco Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sichuan, China [, ]. Most of the clinical studies reported to date have been conducted in Australia and China [, ]. Table summarizes the major physicochemical, pharmacological, and clinical characteristics of cipepofol compared with propofol.