Knee medial tightness after total knee arthroplasty is associated with superior clinical outcomes in Chinese patients: a retrospective cohort study.

Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic, systemic immune-mediated disease, characterized by nonscarring hair loss, ranging from isolated patches on the scalp to complete scalp, facial, and body hair loss. With an estimated global prevalence of 2%, AA has a profound psychosocial burden on patients. Conventional off-label treatments have variable and limited efficacy, especially in severe cases. The Janus kinases (JAKs) family of intracellular tyrosine kinases plays a critical role in innate and adaptive immunity, making them targets for the treatment of inflammatory diseases including AA. Several reports have evaluated the use of JAK inhibitors as treatment for AA. Currently, the JAK inhibitors baricitinib, ritlecitinib, and deuruxolitinib are the only approved treatments for patients with severe AA. Many patients have not achieved the primary efficacy end point of SALT score of 20 or less (≤20% scalp hair loss) in clinical trials (≤35% for each trial across study treatment groups) and only ritlecitinib is approved for adolescent patients—there remains a clear unmet need for additional and improved systemic therapies. Upadacitinib, an oral, selective, reversible JAK inhibitor that more potently inhibit JAK1 compared to JAK2, JAK3, and tyrosine kinase 2, is approved in multiple countries for the treatment of several inflammatory conditions. These 2 parallel replicate phase 3 randomized clinical trials assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of upadacitinib for the treatment of adults and adolescents with severe AA.