A nonsurgical brain implant enabled through a cell-electronics hybrid for focal neuromodulation.

According to the latest , CHD affects an estimated 11.39 million individuals nationwide, with cardiovascular disease remaining the leading cause of death in both urban and rural populations. Excess body weight is a well-established independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Evidence indicates that a higher body mass index elevates CHD risk, and that uncontrolled weight gain is associated with a more than threefold increase in cardiovascular-related mortality. Consequently, weight management has become an essential component of contemporary cardiovascular prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation. Among patients with established CHD, overweight and obesity are associated with worse prognosis, higher recurrence rates, and diminished response to secondary prevention therapies, underscoring the need for targeted weight management strategies in this subgroup. Despite the established clinical benefits of weight reduction, achieving and maintaining it in routine care remains challenging. Previous studies on lifestyle modification and cardiac rehabilitation in patients with CHD have identified multiple barriers, including low risk perception, limited motivation, time constraints, inadequate health literacy, insufficient post-discharge professional guidance, scarce access to individualised dietary and exercise support, and difficulties in embedding lifestyle changes into family and daily routines. Collectively, these findings suggest that weight management in this population is not merely an individual behavioural challenge, but a complex care process shaped by patient understanding, caregiver involvement, family practices, clinical communication, and health-system resources. These multifaceted barriers, spanning individual, familial, and organisational levels, underscore the urgent need for systemic policy interventions that extend beyond clinical settings to address the structural determinants of ineffective weight control. In response to the growing obesity burden, the National Health Commission of China launched the three-year “Weight Management Year” initiative (2024–2026), signalling a paradigm shift in chronic disease management from reactive treatment toward proactive, population-wide prevention. The accompanying Technical Guidelines for Weight Management (2024 Edition) provide standardised recommendations for assessment, intervention, follow-up, and multidisciplinary coordination. However, a substantial “know–do gap” persists between these evidence-based recommendations and their translation into clinical practice, community care, and everyday family life. Implementation science offers systematic approaches to understanding why evidence-based interventions are adopted, sustained, or fail to integrate into real-world settings. The CFIR framework is particularly well-suited for this inquiry, as it examines implementation determinants across five domains: intervention characteristics, outer setting, inner setting, individual characteristics, and implementation process. This multilevel lens is especially pertinent to CHD secondary prevention, given that sustained weight control is critically influenced by fluctuating cardiac symptoms, dietary misconceptions, and dynamic family caregiving dynamics—factors that extend well beyond individual volition.