Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for CSF1R-Related Disorder: A Longitudinal Study of Efficacy and Safety.

Chronic pain is a multidimensional clinical condition shaped by nociceptive input, peripheral and central sensitization, immune signaling, metabolic status, sleep, mood, movement behavior, and social context []. In pain clinics, chronic pain commonly coexists with obesity, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea, fatigue, and physical inactivity. These comorbidities can amplify pain through mechanical loading, adipose-tissue inflammation, peripheral nerve injury, altered cytokine signaling, sleep fragmentation, reduced physical capacity, and central amplification. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have changed the treatment landscape for type 2 diabetes and obesity. Agents such as exenatide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, and semaglutide mimic or enhance GLP-1 receptor signaling and produce glucose-dependent insulin secretion, glucagon suppression, delayed gastric emptying, appetite reduction, weight loss, and broader cardiometabolic benefits [,,,,]. As clinical exposure has expanded, pain physicians increasingly encounter patients receiving GLP-1RAs before consultations, rehabilitation, injections, radiofrequency procedures, and sedated interventions. Within pain management, this topic is most relevant to multimodal analgesia, opioid minimization, non-opioid analgesic strategies, chronic pain phenotyping, interventional planning, procedural safety, and patient-centered outcomes. GLP-1RA exposure increasingly intersects with these domains because patients receiving these agents may present with obesity-associated osteoarthritis, diabetic neuropathy, headache disorders, visceral pain, opioid-related adverse effects, gastrointestinal intolerance, or planned sedated pain procedures.