Quantum and nanoscale sensing of microinflammation for earlier detection of chronic inflammatory and neuroimmune disease.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major global public health challenge, posing significant risks to individual health and societal well‐being. In 2021, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimated that 537 million people worldwide were living with diabetes, with projections indicating this number rising to 643 million by 2030 and 783 million by 2045. Among children and adolescents, over 1.2 million aged 0–19 years were living with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in 2021, with an annual incidence of approximately 22.9 new cases per 100,000 juveniles under 15. These trends underscore the profound impact of diabetes on children and adolescents, including substantial economic costs and a reduced life expectancy. Effective glycemic control is crucial to prevent diabetes‐related complications. However, traditional methods such as self‐monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) have notable limitations. HbA1c fails to capture daily glucose fluctuations and episodes of hypoglycemia, whereas SMBG provides only intermittent data, often missing critical variations, . Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems offer real‐time data on glucose trends, fluctuations, and alarms, making them particularly useful for detecting asymptomatic hypoglycemia, . As a result, CGM is increasingly recommended by international academic organizations, such as the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) to monitor glucose and guide treatment decisions for children and adolescents with diabetes. The GS1 CGM system, a real‐time CGM system, was introduced in 2021 by Shenzhen SiBionics Co. Ltd,. The GS1 CGM system includes several advanced features such as factory calibration, direct connectivity to mobile apps via Bluetooth, 14‐day real‐time monitoring, and alarms for both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. In clinical trials among adult population, the GS1 CGM demonstrated an average mean absolute relative difference (MARD) of 8.83%. The system has been widely used in China since 2022, and its performance has shown consistency, stability, repeatability, and usability, making it suitable for adult clinical applications. However, its effectiveness in pediatric population has yet to be fully evaluated.