Evaluation of the Physical Health Monitoring Clinic in CAMHS Intellectual Disability Service.

Stroke is a major global public health burden, being one of the leading causes of long-term disability and mortality. Clinically, it is characterized by high incidence, high disability rate, and high recurrence. Stroke survivors often develop a range of post-stroke sequelae, including impaired balance function, gait dysfunction, reduced muscle strength, and poor motor coordination. Approximately 50% of stroke survivors suffer from persistent motor impairments, which increase fall risk and severely impair their ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) independently, thereby reducing their quality of life. Balance relies on sensory inputs from the visual, vestibular, and somatosensory systems, which are integrated by the central nervous system to regulate motor responses for postural control. Impaired balance is highly prevalent in stroke survivors, primarily due to disrupted sensory-motor networks essential for maintaining balance. It severely compromises patients’ ability to perform ADLs and sustain independent living safely. Falls are a common serious complication after stroke, with around 70% experiencing at least one fall within six months post-discharge, especially in the early recovery period. Stroke survivors who fall have a twofold higher risk of hip fracture than non-stroke individuals. Moreover, balance deficits reduce confidence and physical activity levels, potentially leading to severe adverse outcomes if unaddressed. While balance training benefits stroke survivors, no single optimal approach has been validated. Emerging modalities, including virtual reality and rehabilitation robotics, integrated within balance training programs, have shown efficacy for post-stroke, but are limited by substantial costs and technical requirements.