Vitamin D Deficiency During Pregnancy Is Associated With Greater LDL‐C Increase, Elevated β‐Hydroxybutyrate and Altered Neonatal Metabolic Markers—A Secondary, Pooled Analysis of the Randomized, Contr
Authors: Harreiter J, Gisinger T, Mendoza LC, Simmons D, Desoye G, Devlieger R, Galjaard S, Damm P, Mathiesen ER, Jensen DM, Andersen LLT, Dunne F, Lapolla A, Dalfra MG, Bertolotto A, Wender‐Ozegowska E, Zawiejska A, Hill D, Jelsma JGM, Snoek FJ, Worda C, Bancher‐Todesca D, van Poppel MNM, Corcoy R, Kautzky‐Willer A
Journal: Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism
mental health
psychology
open access
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of global mortality. Procedures, like CABG and valve replacement, enhance survival but frequently cause moderate-to-severe postoperative pain. Poor pain control can lead to delayed extubation, pulmonary issues, extended Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stays, heightened opioid exposure, and delayed rehabilitation.[] Pharmacological management is foundational, encompassing opioids (morphine, fentanyl), paracetamol, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), gabapentinoids, ketamine, and alpha-2 agonists like dexmedetomidine. Modern practices prioritize multimodal, opioid-sparing methods to minimize side effects.[] Nurses are crucial for analgesic administration, pain assessment using tools like Visual Analog Scale (VAS) or Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), monitoring adverse events, educating on opioid safety, and supporting rehabilitation. Mixed methods research merges quantitative efficacy metrics with qualitative experiences, providing a fuller picture of pharmacological and nursing interventions.[]