Behavioral Segmentation of Integrative Care Use Among Older Adults With Knee Osteoarthritis in a Rural District in Northern Thailand

To identify behavioral segments of integrative care use among older adults with knee osteoarthritis in a rural district in Northern Thailand and to compare these segments according to PRECEDE-related factors and baseline characteristics. This analytical cross-sectional study included 302 community-dwelling older adults with primary knee osteoarthritis in Thoen District, Lampang Province, Northern Thailand. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire that assessed demographic and health characteristics, PRECEDE-related factors, and behaviors across 3 care domains: professional medical care, traditional medicine, and community-based medicine. Standardized behavioral domain scores were analyzed using hierarchical cluster analysis, followed by -means clustering. Differences among segments were examined using chi-square tests, one-way analysis of variance, or Kruskal-Wallis tests, as appropriate. Three behavioral segments were identified: high engagement (20.9%), intermediate engagement (48.0%), and low engagement (31.1%). The 3 behavioral domains differed significantly across segments (all <0.001; η=0.400–0.535). Baseline demographic and health characteristics did not differ significantly among segments. In contrast, significant differences among segments were observed for the total enabling score, access, decision-making, total reinforcing score, social support, and attitude, whereas perceived information showed no significant difference. Older adults with knee osteoarthritis were not behaviorally homogeneous in their use of professional, traditional, and community-based care. Segment differences were more pronounced for enabling and reinforcing conditions than for perceived information alone. These findings support segment-informed health promotion strategies in primary care and community settings.